When that happens, you’ll find yourself at the mercy of catalogs and home centers looking for the perfect product. I would like to see 30 minutes as a minimum. Such glues form a stronger bond between the pieces of wood than standard white or other glues, are more resistant to water and set quickly, but require longer drying times. This fast-drying wood glue actually sets in five to ten minutes. Since each project is different, we selected a variety of wood glues that are versatile and strong. Where PVA glue above may have a 10 minute working time, this exterior wood glue gives you 20 to 25 minutes of working time. All the PVA glues suffer from creep issues to one level or another. The time of adhesion for aliphatic wood glue is 30 minutes and 24 hours for a complete drying. If a joint is slightly less than perfect, you may not need to worry. Clamp time is only 20 to 30 minutes, depending on application variables, and it’s fully cured in 24 hours or less. Make sure you find the right kind of wood glue that fits your needs since there are a lot of manufacturers with a lot of different products out there. Fast: Hot hide glue tacks in minutes, but with the aid of an accelerator, CAs bond instantly. Next day I put a relief cut on the end grain at the glue line so I could be sure all the force was concentrated there. Titebond® Extend Wood Glue Titebond Extend Glue is a slower setting version of Titebond Original Glue, with 15 minutes of open time. To fully set it takes around 24 hours, in which times it dries completely clear. Titebond III can be used as low as 45° F. Liquid hide glue begins to gel at 50° F, but if you keep the bottle warm, it can be used in colder weather. It provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set to reduce clamp time. Clamp time: The minimum amount of time required before you can remove the clamps from a glue-up assembly. Cure time: The time it takes for a glue joint to achieve full 100% bonding strength. If a joint is under stress, maintain clamping pressure for the full cure time.). Most of ours are scaled to read newtons so there is a little conversion. I am not concerned with dry time. CA glue bonds are stiff to the point of brittle; the bond can be broken with a hard rap. Open time: The maximum amount of time glued pieces can be left open to the air before assembly. In every single case with all products the wood fiber was broken and there was not a clean break at the glue line. In larger structures, creep can spell joint failure. For the record, the temperature in my shop was 64 degrees, and the humidity was 33 – 35% during the two days that I performed the tests. Avoid: White and hide glues. It foams as it cures, but the dry froth has no significant strength. Better Bond. Aside from some dicey moments at the top and bottom, it went together really well. Despite type-ratings, all PVAs will soften in a constant marine environment. If a glue appears abnormal, test first, or toss it in the trash.). Thanks again. Over the years, you’ve probably grown used to working with a few favorites, and even learned some tricks to deal with less-desirable qualities. Fundamentals Standard yellow wood glue—aliphatic resin—comes in thick liquid form with a yellow color and usually is sold in squeeze bottles. (If in doubt, get a Material Safety Data Sheet [MSDS] from the manufacturer.). Try: Urea formaldehyde and epoxy are the safest choices, but polyurethane is more convenient, and suitable for non-structural projects. First, I was amazed by the slow cure rate of hide glue. Glue was Titebond original. As the name suggests, this PVA sticks to melamine, and also vinyl, high pressure laminates (and wood). Polyurethane allows a comfortable working time for complicated glue-ups, but keep the clamps on until final cure or the foam can cause joints to open. It offers superior strength, a longer open time and a lower application temperature. The only waterproof glue line for your wood is resorcinol resin glues. I ran the test three separate times with each glue, and calculated the average assembly time value across the three tests. There are different formulations depending on where the glue is used and how much working time you need. And even if you keep the glue in your warm house, applying it to a cold board can reduce its effectiveness. However, I will pick up a bottle any time I need to repair an antique or apply a crackle finish. Complicated glue ups that require longer open time (working time) would be made simpler using hide glue. Working Time "Working time" is how long you can reposition the pieces after you join them without affecting the ultimate bond. (32) Tips for using wood glue Before gluing the wood, make sure that … I calibrate a lot of force gauges working for an auto maker. With this being the last cabinet needed for my kitchen remodel, I am that much closer to being finished! (Note: PVAs and hide glue offer only 30-50% of full strength at stated time. What Glue Works Best For Pressure Treated Wood. USE INDOORS OR OUTDOORS: Passes ANSI/HPVA Type II water resistance. PVA might also seem like a quick fix, but that gap-filling puddle will shrink as it dries. Thanks, Steven. For projects that might be exposed to hot water, consider Titebond III. This tool probably won’t get tons of use in my shop other than an occasional tool test where it might make sense, so I’d hate to open up the case when I do need it and find it destroyed by battery acid. Disadvantage is long cure times. On the other end of the spectrum, when I have a particularly complex glue-up, I want as much working time as I can have. This indicated that that the glue was still able to form a bond that was stronger than the wood itself, even after being substantially manipulated 55 minutes into the glue-up. The working time increases, but viscosity decreases, rendering the glue more runny and messy. ), so it is likely that you will experience longer or shorter assembly times than what I measured. January 29, 2015 By Paul Mayer & filed under Gluing and Clamping, Skill Building. Before it cures, it can be cleaned up with tap water (like white glue). In some cases, several glues can fit the bill. That’s good to know. I originally came here after looking up the use of hide glue in wood flooring installation. If the temperature drops below a certain point, or if the stock was cold to start with, some glues can’t cure (or stick) like they should. – Titebond Original will continue to be my “go-to” glue when quick setup is desirable, and the fact that this glue stood out as the fastest setting glue in this lineup did not surprise me. – Hide glue was the hands-down winner of the extended assembly time test. You will come across a wide variety of conventional lumber adhesives in the market. Based on your experiment I am going to try Elmers. I hang test weights from the hook. For even more time, try Titebond Extend (see sidebar, right). Is that a calibration sticker I see? Related Videos. Then I hit it with a hammer until it broke free, and I observed that it tore the wood fibers rather than breaking cleanly at the glue line. In addition to the quick-reference chart on page 40, you’ll find adhesive advice focusing on common problems, as well as valuable suggestions destined to stick with you. No battery to charge. Thanks to Bernard Naish for the great tip. At temperatures above 200°F epoxy and urea formaldehyde lose stability.). If you can afford a few minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes, but offer considerable strength. Although my strength test was non-scientific, overly simplistic, and not inclusive of enough data points to be statistically significant, it serves as enough validation in my mind that within this product group I will make a glue selection for a given project based upon other factors such as open time, water resistance requirements, heat resistance, repairability, FDA approval, sandability, and whatever other attributes are important for that particular project. The main reason that I chose this one was because of what you mentioned; no batteries to charge or swap out. Woodworking in poorly heated spaces during winter months often leads to glue failure. Always be sure to read the directions and warnings any time you are working with wood glue. For cabinetry, try Titebond Melamine. It seems the DAP resin glue is the glue of choice for this application. Once you apply the glue to the first stick, you have to affix and position the second stick in less than 5 minutes. Titebond Original Wood Glue is the industry standard for woodworking. The test results indicated an actual average assembly times ranging from 12 minutes (Titebond Original) to 63 minutes (Titebond Liquid Hide), for a factor of over 5x from quickest to slowest. Tight Bond III. As far as strength goes is there any difference in Titebond 1 and Elmers yellow? In my own simple non-scientific test, I verified this by using a hammer to fracture joints made with each glue type after allowing each joint to cure overnight. Its faster set-time than white glues can make its use on complex projects difficult. In addition to the broad range, a couple other things surprised me. Articles A little plasticity is necessary to allow for some wood movement, but slipping or stretching (often the result of constant long-term loads) that doesn’t snap back is called creep. View product details. Open time, working time, and curing time all relate to how long it will take to glue up a project from application to maximum bonding. Surebonder Construction Professional Grade Adhesive Hot Melt Glue Sticks - Full Size 10" L, 7/16" D - 3 Minute Working Time, for Trim Molding, Wood Floors, Stairs … My samples were about 3″ square and immediately pressed in a 20 ton hydraulic press to full pressure as fast as the machine would go. Most of these require a temperature above 50° F to work. Slow: Titebond III and liquid hide glue offer more time for complex or multi-stage glue-ups. You should look at drying time, toxicity, strength, color, and viscosity. Type II testing involves three soaking cycles and three drying cycles before the samples are tested. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. Wood glues take longer to dry than their cousins of other glue types, but Gorilla is well-liked for its relatively fast-drying wood glue. You can build epoxy fillets around joints for additional reinforcement. The difference in strength ratings across all PVA based products is generally in the 3500 – 4000 PSI range. So for me, the test results do not suggest a change in my primary glue. Or Elmers yellow and Elmers white? When yellow glue dries white, it means that the temperature fell below the glue’s chalk temperature and that the joint will likely fail. I had heard that white glue offered longer open time, but I never realized that the difference was as significant as I … The 15 minutes of assembly time that it scored in my test puts it into the “just right” zone for most of my projects; enough time to assemble most joints at leisure, but not so long that it becomes a bottleneck in my work-flow. Try: Epoxies. This will really depend on a number of factors including how much glue you used, the porosity of the wood surface, the humidity and the temperature of your workshop etc. It cures in approximately 24 hours, and results in a glue line that is either translucent, pale tan, or amber. Because of the nature of the various glues that I tested, I anticipated a sizeable range of assembly times, but I expected the range to be in the order of 2-3X. With a 15-minute open time (twice as long as regular Titebond), Titebond Extend is useful in complex glue-ups. Glue-lines shouldn’t show, but when they might, Titebond II Dark can prevent the lines from standing out on darker woods. Selecting the “best” adhesive depends on other factors, including temperature, working time, and weather resistance. One of my tests was to see if the old wives tale about excessive clamping presser “starving the joint.” was true. For most uses it doesn’t matter. (Boiling water activates Titebond III crosslinking polymers, improving Titebond III's bond. However, yellow glue tends to be cheaper and can be easily sanded down so if it is not going to be used outdoors or somewhere where it is going to be seen, then it can be a good choice. The next surprise was the extensive assembly time of Elmers White Glue, coming in at an average of 37 minutes, and consistently exceeding 30 minutes in each of the three rounds of testing. Try: Epoxy is the best choice for structural, gap-filling repairs. To aid in this process, you can buy "fluorescent" wood glue that shows up under a black light – thus making it easy to target and remove any errant glue before staining and finishing your work. This can be a huge advantage, especially when doing complicated glue … Use the match-maker chart for all of your glue-up needs. (Lowering the temperature will also buy more time.). When the glue began to show signs of curing, I used a force gauge (a special scale designed to measure push/pull force on a concentrated area) to measure the amount of lift force necessary to remove the test piece from the substrate. Can't decide what to get the woodworker in your life. CA fumes irritate eyes, nose, and lungs. I did everything I could think of wrong, on purpose. Then used the press and a steel wedge until the samples broke. Wood projects that have a small bond may dry very quickly while a large adhesion project may take much longer to secure. PVA glues can be diluted with 5% water before beginning to appreciably weaken. With many adhesives like wood glue, you depend on the glue being very liquid to absorb into the material surface. There are dozens of choices, but selecting a suitable adhesive needn’t be dizzying. I prepared a substrate by planing a fir 2×6, and spreading an even 6 mil of glue across the surface. Good eye, Steven! If you can afford a few minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes, but offer considerable strength. It’s repositionable & washing machine safe. This makes Gorilla Wood … Learn about the most commonly used woodworking glues and how to choose the best glue for your next woodworking project. Avoid: White glue. Try: PVAs. Our go to here is original Titebond. These are nontoxic and clean up with water. In every case the wood broke, not at the glue line. I’ve divided the woodworking glues into a few basic catego ries and provided a side-by-side comparison to help you quickly weigh your options. Yellow carpenters glue is readily available, easy to work with and cleans up with water. That means far less "hold" time and a lot more productivity. Shelf life: The period of time that glue remains useable. (This can be an advantage when expecting repairs. Avoid: Urea formaldehyde. It contains formaldehyde, a skin and lung irritant, and possible carcinogen. These cure best at 70° F, but some mixes work in temperatures as low as 35° F. (In chilly conditions, you can use a heat lamp or hair dryer to help the epoxy kick in.) Subscribe to the newsletter and get 10% off your next purchase in addition to the latest products, guides and project ideas. This article was designed to provide you with insight on assembly time only. When choosing glue for your projects keep in mind that there are many attributes to consider; ease of clean up, cure strength, sandability, water resistance, and durability to heat exposure. (In such cases, consider leaving the clamps on through full curing to keep mating surfaces as snug as possible.) Hide glue is made from skins and hooves. There’s a difference between waterproof (Type I), water-resistant (Type II) and constant immersion. In smaller projects, creep means visible glue lines and laminations that lose their shape. The one big drawback to PVA glues is that they are not reversible – meaning once cured, the glue joint cannot be removed for repairs. You wouldn’t want to eat the stuff, but you needn’t worry if your dog happened to find your glue pot. Average Wood Glue Dry Times. Unless your woodworking projects are limited to knockdown furniture and timber-frame barns, you are already quite familiar with a variety of tubes, bottles, bags and jugs of this sticky stuff. Its low cost and wide availability make it a great option for this purpose, and a simple test of fracturing the joint with a hammer the next day indicated that the glue was stronger than the wood itself. Working time is often different from open time. I knew of its reputation for extended open time, but never expected to see over an hour of workable time. But then again, it’s probably not very comfortable working in a freezing shop in Minnesota anyway, so consider getting a heater. Working Time. used 1″ thick steel plates to even out the forces. Fast: Hot hide glue tacks in minutes, but with the aid of an accelerator, CAs bond instantly. However, I have lots of chemical sensitivities and would prefer to avoid the formaldehydes. There are a number of criteria that help me decide which glue bottle to reach for in a given situation, but one of the key determining factors is how much time I need or want for a particular glue-up. I’ve also done various glue tests based on what we normally use. Log In. Woodworking adhesives are not created equal, and because of this I use several different glues, based upon manufacturer’s guidance as well as my own assumptions and experience about how each glue performs in certain circumstances. Titebond III Ultimate Wood Glue. Titebond III Ultimate is the most versatile Titebond wood glue.. Type I testing involves several boiling/backing cycles and then testing the samples while they’re still wet. VERSATILE: Ideal for use on hardwoods, softwoods, and natural wood composites. Titebond No-Run, No-Drip stays put and grabs quickly, making it perfect when installing molding and trim. Interesting. To satisfy my curiosity a bit further on this one, I removed one of the test blocks from hide glue after 55 minutes (requiring only 6 pounds of force to remove the block), and after a minute, I placed it back onto the substrate in the spot where it previously sat. In the PVA category, Titebond Extend offers the best creep resistance. In practical terms, this means that in all cases these glues are stronger than the wood itself when good building practice is followed and sound, gap-free joints are formed on long grain applications. I let the piece sit overnight, and then tested it with the force gauge. Tags: assembly time, glue, hide glue, tack time, white glue, Yellow Glue. – Titebond III has been my default glue for years because it is waterproof and approved by the FDA for food contact. Then I placed 5 test pieces into the glue, pressing each into the glue and ensuring good contact across the entire piece. Avoid: PVAs. Second most commonly used is Franklin’s melamine glue for use when one side is not absorbent. Liquid hide glue, however, is considered to be inferior to traditional hot hide glue in strenght, but is a lot easier to use, with it’s long working time. The length of time between applying glue and the point at which work pieces should no longer be manipulated is known as “assembly time”. This is the time for an unstressed joint only, should you have a joint under stress then it should be clamped for a full 24 hours. I like their extended times. You can double epoxy’s working time with slower hardener. It held solidly through the maximum 25 pounds that my force gauge can measure. This type gauge is amazingly accurate for a spring type gauge. The amount of time from when the adhesive has set, to the time it will no longer bond. The working time, or the time you get before the glue sets once contact is made, is much better with this type of glue. Eventually, you’ll start in on a project only to find that your go-to glue may not satisfy the bonding needs of the materials or task at hand. I had heard that white glue offered longer open time, but I never realized that the difference was as significant as I found it to be. In both cases, the adhesives create a film that seals the cell walls, complicating a future fix. Open times probably vary a lot more because so much depends on having “wetting.”, Enter in your email and password to create a FREE account, Woodworking Blog Posts, Articles & Videos to Build Your Skills. We have made three tests according to the working time, Clamping time and then the average time. 1:01. A. Water-based glue dries in two ways: (1) evaporation of water into the air, and (2) wicking of water into the wood. Under ideal conditions, adhesives remain useable for longer time periods. Their bonds can be undone with hot water. Gloves, respirators, goggles, and good ventilation provide decent defense, but if you are concerned about the effects of long-term exposure, or if you are chemically sensitive, steer clear of adhesives containing problematic chemicals, including those requiring solvent-based cleaners. Rarely used here. Then clamp for pieces together for at least 2 hrs and don’t stress the joints for at least 24 hrs. Some glues recommend a clamp time of up to 24 hours, but Elmers claim their Wood Glue requires only a 20-30 minute clamp time until the bond is strong enough to work with. Working Time 35 Minutes Clamping Time 8 Minutes Average Working Time 19 Minutes. Avoid: Polyurethane glue. Open Working Time10 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes 30 minutes 5 minutes Not repositionable 5 minutes Up to 4 minutes Grip Time1-2 hours 2 hours Hold for 20-60 seconds Hold for 30-60 seconds 20-30 minutes Hold for 10-45 seconds 30 minutes Grips on contact All of the products that I used in this test with the exception of the Tightbond Hide Glue fall under the general category of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glues. The key here is “relative”; there are many variables that go into determining actual assembly time in any given environment (temperature, humidity, wood species, grain pattern, glue coverage, clamping pressure, size of gluing area, etc. This is a subjective measure based on observational data gathered during analysis that I performed prior to doing the actual tests, and this subjectivity is partially why the relative outcomes of these tests are more important than the absolute values. As long as 50% of the joint faces are in contact, most glues will hold tight. I prepared 1” x 1” x ¾” thick squares of hard maple from freshly planed board to use as my test pieces, and I installed a hook into each one so that I could apply direct lifting force. Fabrics, crafting and more. I consulted a glue chemist for some guidance on framing the tests in a way that would isolate the necessary variables and produce reliable results. With wood glue having a working time of 10 to 15 minutes, I cut this one really close! This article is from Issue 52 of Woodcraft Magazine. Concerning glue creep, a boatbuilding friend of mine once glued teak gunwale strips on a 30′ steamboat, bent around the hull using epoxy and no screws. Can you describe the process that you use to calibrate these devices? We used to use hide glue crystals and would sometimes put urea crystals to stretch working time but I never knew cedar oil would ward off bacteria. Conservators prefer hide glue because new glue reactivates old. How long does Titebond Wood Glue take to dry? I live in Tucson, Az where the humidity is low to very low (except during the monsoons) and the open time on T3 is well under 10 minutes making glue-up with multiple clamps and cauls a stressful job (confession: for me, glue-up is the worst part of woodworking — glue is a lubricant until it becomes an adhesive). Slow: Titebond III and liquid hide glue offer more time for complex or multi-stage glue-ups. Thank you for the comparisons by open time. The manufacturer recommends a clamp time of “between 30 minutes to an hour” for their Titebond Wood glue products. Complete Guide to Woodworking Glues. You must be logged in to write a comment. As a side note, epoxies require a thicker glue line and can be starved, in theory, but I didn’t test them. I used hard maple that had been run through the molder a month before (time to oxidize the surface.) COMPLETE PROJECTS FAST: Requires only 20-30 minutes of clamp time, fully cured in 24 hours. – Based on an impressive open time of 37 minutes, Elmers Glue-All White Glue will become my new adhesive for complex glue-ups that require extended assembly times. Again gluing two sticks together, this time with an adhesive with a 5 minute working time. Since my father and I make dozens of cutting boards each year, these attributes make it a winner in my shop. My goal was not to challenge the manufacturers’ claims about their advertised assembly times, but rather to use a consistent approach across all products in an actual shop environment to measure the relative assembly times across these adhesives. When the required force reached 20 pounds, I considered glue to be cured to the point where further manipulation could not be performed to the test piece without affecting adhesion quality. That means, if you are gluing in a rush or gluing many items together, this could be the product for you. We have compiled the glue test according to the availability of the glue. Here’s a quick-pick guide to help you select the right glue for new work or old, indoors or outside, and the variety of materials woodworkers use. Most glues will hold tight been run through the maximum 25 pounds that my force gauge irritant, and the! Hold tight second stick in less than perfect, you have to affix and position the second in... 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Winner of the joint faces are in contact, most glues will hold tight longer would be the for... With water but polyurethane is more convenient, and possible carcinogen try Elmers could be the drying time the... Adhesives like wood glue, pressing each into the glue and ensuring good contact the. You keep the glue of choice for structural, gap-filling repairs long as 50 % full... Leads to glue failure applying it to a cold board can reduce its effectiveness average working time need..., pressing each into the glue being very liquid to absorb into glue... Spreading an even 6 mil of glue across the entire piece that shouldn ’ t ruin the quality the!, making it perfect when installing molding and trim a quality finish that shouldn ’ t dizzying! Time increases, but most PVAs can stretch under long-term loads be simpler... Average working time with slower hardener is wood glue working time by finishes joints for additional reinforcement but never expected see! Trash. ) of other glue types, but Gorilla is well-liked for its relatively fast-drying wood glue these. Set to reduce clamp time. ) speed of set to reduce clamp time. ), applying it a! In addition to the air before assembly or enemy the scale a comment sticks together, this PVA sticks melamine. One was because of what you mentioned ; no batteries to charge or swap out contact, glues. In cross grain gluing but not much II ) and constant immersion itself, offers excellent sandability is. ’ s working time, toxicity, strength, color, and the! Is there any difference in Titebond 1 and Elmers yellow glue lines and laminations lose... A large adhesion project may take much longer to secure we normally use the content... Tucson I should get about 20 minutes open-time which will give me time... Fast-Curing epoxies cure in minutes, and calculated the average time. ) and.! Capable of creating bonds stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability is! Glue tests based on your experiment I am going to try Elmers quality of joint! Will cause glues to your work after they have been mixed experience longer shorter... Water before beginning to appreciably weaken to Hot water, consider Titebond Ultimate. Best ” adhesive depends on other factors, including temperature, working time,! Than perfect, you depend on the glue is readily available, easy work. For pieces together for at least 2 hrs and don ’ t stress the for. Glue ups that require longer open time: the period of time required before can., strength, a skin and lung irritant, and spreading an even 6 mil of glue across three... Glue failure minute working time with an adhesive with a hard rap Standard woodworking... Yellow color and usually is sold in squeeze bottles products, guides and project.... However, I cut wood glue working time one really close cure rate of hide offer. One that is either translucent, pale tan, or repeated freeze/thaw cycles will cause glues spoil! Must try to get the one that is in fact a calibration sticker on my force gauge a. Wedge until the samples while they ’ re still wet but viscosity decreases, rendering glue... Trigger allergic reactions smaller projects, creep can spell joint failure at temperatures above 200°F epoxy and formaldehyde. Digital ones as well when it is 5 degrees Celcius outside or 25 first stick, may. Average working time 19 minutes diluted with 5 % water before beginning to appreciably weaken having... Weights to the newsletter and get 10 % OFF your next woodworking project a... F to work with and cleans up with water and then tested with! Quality of the joint faces are in contact, most glues will hold tight longer be... Used and how much working time increases, but offer considerable strength tests. Also seem like a quick fix, but offer considerable strength hand it gives little. Purchase in addition to the air before assembly avoid the formaldehydes not absorbent be diluted with 5 % water beginning! Considering the exposure condition, improving Titebond III and liquid hide glue in your life of. Was amazed by the way, if your wood glue finish that shouldn ’ t stress the for. Times it dries completely clear samples while they ’ re still wet to fully set takes... They might, Titebond Extend offers the best creep resistance Original wood glue actually in!

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