[60] Cold winds are experienced during February and March as in the neighbouring Dindigul. [206], Madurai comes under the Madurai telecom district of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. [146] There are 47 approved institutions of the university in and around the city, consisting of autonomous colleges, aided colleges, self-financing colleges, constituent colleges, evening colleges and other approved institutions. [73] Tamil is spoken by most, and the standard dialect is the Madurai Tamil dialect. [207][208], A regional passport office was opened on 17 December 2007 and caters to the needs of nine districts. [118] Madurai is one of the seven circles of the Tamil Nadu State Highway network. ... been flourishing around offering unparalleled and affordable services that make us a one-stop option for miscellaneous types of relocation needs. Automobile manufacturers are the major consumers of rubber components produced in the city. [176] The city attracts a large number of tourists from within the country and abroad. [165], Kazimar Big Mosque is the oldest Islamic place of worship in the city. [166] Jallikattu is one of the most popular historical sport in Tamil Nadu, and is a part of the Pongal festival (harvest festival) Mattu Pongal celebrated during January. [56] Madurai lies southeast of the western ghats, and the surrounding region occupies the plains of South India and contains several mountain spurs. [211], This article is about the city in Tamil Nadu, India. [138][169][171] Since its inception till today the mosque is being managed by descendants of Kazi Syed Tajuddin and traditionally the Kazis of Madurai city to the Govt. [42] The British government faced initial hiccups during the earlier period of the establishment of municipality in land ceiling and tax collection in Madurai and Dindigul districts under the direct administration of the officers of the government. Samanar Malai and Panchapandavar Malai are important Jain centres. Madurai is an important industrial and educational hub in South Tamil Nadu. [50] The city is divided into a number of concentric quadrangular streets around the temple. [94], The city of Madurai is represented in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by six elected members, one each for the Madurai East, Madurai West, Madurai North, Madurai Central, Madurai South and Thirupparankundram constituencies. The temple is a significant symbol for Tamils and has been mentioned since antiquity in Tamil literature, though the present structure was built between 1623 and 1655 CE. The temple entry movement was first led in Madurai Meenakshi temple by independence activist A. Vaidyanatha Iyer in 1939. Madurai District Administrative head quarter is Madurai. Enforcement of law and order in the suburban areas are handled by the Madurai district police. [174] St. Mary's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai.[175]. The climate of the earth consists of a series of interlinked physical systems powered by the sun. Climate. [35] The city remained under the control of the Cholas until the early 13th century, when the second Pandyan empire was established with Madurai as its capital. [32] During the third Tamil sangam, the comparative merit of the poets was decided by letting the works float in the lotus tank of the temple. [43] Under the British Madurai prospered. [181] Rajaji children's park, maintained by the Madurai Municipal Corporation, is situated between the Gandhi museum and the Tamukkam grounds. Sorry, Yr seems to be offline. [62] The maximum temperature of 42 °C for the decade of 2001 – 2010 was recorded in 2004 and in 2010. [62], According to 2011 census based on per-expansion limits, the area covered under the Madurai Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,017,865[1] with a sex-ratio of 999 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. [36] Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks. Major physiographic Units .Hilly Region & Plains of Madurai and Melur regions 2. ii. The Agasthyamalai Range mostly stops them from reaching Tirunelveli. Thus, it’s best to visit the city during the winter months. In 1801, Madurai came under the direct control of the British East India Company and was annexed to the Madras Presidency. [114] However, Madurai had the second lowest crime rate at 169.1 of all the cities in Tamil Nadu. [30][31] Madurai is mentioned in the works of Roman historians Pliny the Younger (61 – c. 112 CE), Ptolemy (c. 90 – c. CE 168), those of the Greek geographer Strabo (64/63 BCE – c. 24 CE),[32] and also in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. A town in the neighbouring Dindigul district is called Vada Madurai (North Madurai) and another in Sivagangai district is called Manamadurai. [151], Madurai was traditionally an agrarian society, with rice paddies as the main crop. [113] In 2008, the crime rate in the city was 283.2 per 100,000 people, accounting for 1.1 per cent of all crimes reported in major cities in India, and it was ranked 19th among 35 major cities in India. [32] The festival calendars of these two temples overlap during the Meenakshi Thirukalyanam festival. October to March is the best time to visit Madurai. [50] Vishwanatha Nayak (1529–64 CE), the first Madurai Nayak king, redesigned the city in accordance with the principles laid out by Shilpa Shastras (Sanskrit: śilpa śāstra, also anglicised as silpa sastra meaning rules of architecture) related to urban planning. km) during 2005-06 i. It was in Madurai, in 1921, that Mahatma Gandhi, pre-eminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India, first adopted the loin cloth as his mode of dress after seeing agricultural labourers wearing it. [95][96] From 1957, the Madurai parliament seat was held by the Indian National Congress seven times in the 1962–67,[97] 1971–77,[98] 1977–80,[99] 1980–84,[100] 1984–89,[101] 1989–91[102] and 1991 elections. [119] Madurai has three bus terminals, namely, M.G.R. [122] The Madurai Bus Rapid Transit System project is being proposed in order to improve the public transport connectivity more faster than usual in madurai. Madurai Kamaraj University (originally called Madurai University), established in 1966, is a state-run university which has 109 affiliated arts and science colleges in Madurai and neighbouring districts. [174] Tirupparankunram Dargah is located at the top of the Thiruparankundram hill where the cemetery of Sultan Sikandhar Badushah the then ruler of Jeddah and Madurai who travelled to India along with Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed of Ervadi during the 12th century is located. With a hot and dry climate for most of the year, Madurai is best visited during the winter season. The daily sound and light show organised by the department explains the virtues of King Thirumalai and the features of the palace. [39] In 1837, the fortifications around the temple were demolished by the British. The different names by which the city has been referred to historically are listed in the 7th-century poem Thiruvilayaadal puraanam written by Paranjothi Munivar. Nearest Popular Hill station are Kodaikanal 116 km (72 mi), Sirumalai 90 km (56 mi), Munnar 154 km (96 mi), Kumily 138 km (86 mi) from Madurai. "Thoonga Nagaram", term is used to refer Madurai, means " the city which never sleeps". Madurai District is one among 32 Districts of Tamil Nadu State ,India. Congress leader Rahul Gandhi will attend a 'Jallikattu’ event in Tamil Nadu on January 14. Rameswaram is historical Hindu temple tourism center which is 170 km (110 mi) from Madurai well connected with Rail and road connectivity. It has idols of the Navagraha (nine planet deities), which are otherwise found only in Shiva temples. [205] In the period 2010–2011, a total of 950.6 lakh litres of water was supplied to 87,091 connections for households in Madurai. i. [10][11][12] The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Pandyas, Cholas, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Carnatic kingdom, and the British East India Company British Raj. [33][34] The Pandyas were ousted from Madurai by the Chola dynasty during the early 9th century. [35] After the death of Kulasekara Pandian (1268–1308 CE), Madurai came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. [158] The state government proposed two IT-based Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in Madurai, and these have been fully occupied by various IT companies, HCL Technologies and Honeywell have their own campuses in ELCOT IT Park in Madurai. [50] The temple prakarams (outer precincts of a temple) and streets accommodate an elaborate festival calendar in which dramatic processions circumambulate the shrines at varying distances from the centre. The temple chariots used in processions are progressively larger in size based on the size of the concentric streets. The climate of Tamil Nadu is essentially tropical. About 9,100,000 tourists visited Madurai in 2010, including 524,000 foreigners. Based internet service and Caller Line Identification ( CLI ) based internet service and Caller Line Identification ( ). By Letitia Elizabeth Landon, published in 1835 annual temperature is 28.8 °C based... During 1991–2004 [ 13 ] There are 236 registered private mini-buses that support local.. 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